African Americans and Slavery

Click on the pictures
 
 

July 24, 1769

Chronology on the History of Slavery
Harper's Weekly Black History
The Terrible Transformation
 

ACADEMIC ARTICLES
Academic essays on slavery
 

BOOKS
Eastman, Mary H. Aunt Phillis's Cabin, or Southern Life as It Is (1852)
Goodell, William. Slavery and Anti-Slavery: A History of the Great Struggle in Both Hemispheres (1852)
Olmsted, Frederick Law. A Journey in the Seaboard Slave States, with Remarks on their Economy (1856)
Stowe, Harriet Beecher. A Key to Understanding Uncle Tom's Cabin (1853)
Trexler, Harrison Anthony. Slavery in Missouri, 1804-1865 (1914)
 

MAPS
Slave trade and population maps
 

VIDEOS
The Slave Kingdoms: The Ashanti, Part 1 (12 min.)
Slave kingdoms: Dahomey and Ouidah, Part 2 (23 min.)
Wonders of the African World: Episodes 3 & 4 (1:46 min.)
Wonders of the African World: Episodes 5 & 6 (1:46 min.)
The History of Slavery In America (28 min.)
Slavery And The Making Of America (3:43 min.)
Slavery, Ships and Sickness - Professor Stuart Anderson (51:51 min.)
Journey through Slavery prt 1 - Terrible Transformation (1:22 min.)
Journey through Slavery prt 2 - Revolution (1:23 min.)
Journey through Slavery prt 3 - Brotherly Love (1:23 min.)
Journey through Slavery prt 4 - Judgment.Day (1:22 min.)
 

AFRICA

Tippu Tip owned 10,000 slaves
 


Francisco de Sousa, Viceroy of Ouidah

The Story of Africa (BBC)
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Slave Route Project: Landmarks and Relics of Slavery
Slavery and the African Slave Trade in Pre-Colonial Africa
The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade And Ghana
 

MALE SLAVES

Male slaves
 

FEMALE SLAVES

Female slaves
 

FREE BLACKS
Free Blacks in Antebellum America
 

WHITE ABOLITIONISTS

White abolitionists
 

19TH CENTURY NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
U.S. newspapers 1848-1860
South Carolina newspapers 1861-1862
South Carolina newspapers 1863
South Carolina newspapers 1864
South Carolina and U.S. newspapers 1865-1895
 

CORPORAL PUNISHMENT
19th Century Corporal Punishment
 

THE SCHOONER WANDERER CASE

The Schooner Wanderer Case
 

SEMINOLE NEGROES

Forgotten Rebellion: Black Seminoles and the Largest Slave Revolt in U.S. History (Video, 9:19 min.)
Seminole - The Unconquered (Video, 49:09 min.)
Late from the Army, New-York Spectator, March 22, 1838
General Jesup’s Campaigns, New-York Spectator, (New York, NY) August 2, 1838
General Jesup’s Report, The Floridian (Tallahassee, FL), August 25, 1838
Extracts from Jay’s "View of the Action of the Federal Government in Behalf of Slavery" Origin of the Florida War, The Emancipator, (New York, NY) December 12, 1839; pg. 132
Governmental Slavery, Vermont Chronicle (Bellows Falls, VT), February 1, 1843; pg. 18
Col. Hitch Recommends the Seminole Indian Negroes Be Returned to Florida, The Galveston Daily News (Houston, TX), September 1, 1875
The Seminole Negroes, Daily Arkansas Gazette (Little Rock, AR), September 7, 1875
Mustered out of the Service, St. Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis, MO), October 10, 1884; pg. 4
Territorial News, Cherokee Advocate (Tahlequah, OK), February 20, 1897
 

SLAVE ADVERTISEMENTS

Slave advertisements 1762-1864
 

SLAVE AUCTIONS

Slave auctions
 

SLAVERY ADVOCATES
Senator John C. Calhoun Sees Slavery as a Positive Good (1837)
Essay on the Treatment and Management of Slaves (1852)
Slavery the Strongest Bond of Union, Newark Daily Advertiser, Nov. 12, 1856, 2
 

SLAVE BADGES

Slave badges
 

SLAVES WHO BECAME SLAVE OWNERS
Anna Kingsley Plantation, Florida
William "April" Ellison: A Black Entrepreneur and Slave Owner in Sumter, S.C. (1790-1861)
 

FREE BLACK SLAVE OWNERS
Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the United States in 1830 (The Journal of Negro History, Jan. 1924)
 

NATIVE AMERICAN SLAVE OWNERS
Black Slaves, Red Masters (Video)
 

SLAVE PUNISHMENT

Slave Punishment
 

THE SLAVE TRADE

Slave Catchers in Africa
Slave Ships
Slaves Processing Sugar
 

SLAVE STEALERS

Zebulon Rhoads Suspected of Negro Stealing, Maryland Gazette (Annapolis), Feb. 25, 1762, 3
Two hundred dollar reward for arreting Negro stealer, Carolina Gazette (Charleston, SC), March 16, 1810, 4
Execution, for Horse and Negro Stealing, Farmer's Repository (Charles Town, WV), April 2, 1813, 4
Negro Stealing, Boston Recorder, April 2, 1829, 56
Law vs. Lynch Law, Liberator, Oct. 27, 1837
Jonathan Walker Sentenced and Branded!! (The Liberator, Dec. 6, 1844)
Negro Stealing, Emancipator and Weekly Chronicle, Dec. 18, 1844
Capt. Jonathan Walker of Harwich, Mass. Cleveland Herald, July 16, 1845
The Branded Hand, Cleveland Herald, Aug. 13, 1845
Isaac Vanbibber (12) and A. P. Mainwaring (14) in Louisiana penitentiary for negro stealing, Sept. 1850
Suspected Kidnapper, Belmont Chronicle (St. Clairsville, Ohio), May 14, 1857, 2
End of a Slave Stealer, New York Herald, July 1, 1857
Sentence of a Slave Stealer, New York Herald, June 21, 1858
Female Negro Stealing, Alexandria Gazette, Feb. 16, 1860, 2
Negro Stealing, Daily Constitutionalist (Augusta, GA), June 27, 1861, 1
Execution of Dr. Kinman for Stealing a Negro, Augusta Chronicle, March 4, 1909, 3
 

SUGAR PLANTATIONS

Sugar mills of the 19th century
 
 

LATIN AMERICA

The African Heritage in Latin America
 

UNITED STATES

Colonial Slavery
Southern Slavery
 

GRANDFATHER CLAUSE CASE
GUINN v. U.S., 238 U.S. 347 (1915)
 

MILITARY
A Chronology of African American Military Service
May, Robert E. Invisible Men: Blacks and the U.S. Army in the Mexican War (The Historian)
 


Black Confederates
 


U.S. Colored Troops
 


Civil War Contrabands
 


Freedman's Bureau
 
 


Southern Reconstruction
 

CLOTHING
10, 500 Pair Negro Shoes (Columbia Telescope and South Carolina State Journal, Oct. 26, 1827)
 

FORT MOSE
Fort Mose: Earliest Free African-American Town in the United States
 

LOTTERY
$30,000 Prize Drawn by a Slave, Cleveland Leader, April 10, 1857, 2
Monthly Report of the Captain of Police, Charleston Mercury, Aug. 19, 1858, 1
 

MEDICAL TREATMENT

Slave Hospitals
Chisholm, J. J. "Interesting Surgical Cases," The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, Sept. 10, 1857
Medicine and Slavery: An Essay Review (Georgia Historical Quarterly, Fall 1979)
 

MORALITY

James Henry Hammond to Harry Hammond, Feb. 19, 1856
Charles Colcock Jones to William States Lee, Aug. 26, 1861, denouncing his fathering a mulatto child with a slave servant
Helo, Ari and Peter Onuf. Jefferson, Morality, and the Problem of Slavery (The William and Mary Quarterly, July 2003)
 

RELIGION

African American Religion
 

SLAVE REBELLIONS

Slave Rebellions
 

RUNAWAY SLAVES

Nichols, Jr., Charles A. The Case of William Grimes, the Runaway Slave (The William and Mary Quarterly, Oct. 1951)
Levy, charged with assault with intent to kill, The Mississippian, May 9, 1834
An Incident, Emancipator and Free American, Sept. 7, 1843
Underground Operations, Alexandria Gazette, Aug. 5, 1856, 3
How the Northern Niggers Serve their Fugitive Brethren, Baton Rouge Daily Advocate, April 28, 1857, 2
 

THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD

Conklin, Julia S. The Underground Railroad in Indiana (The Indiana Quarterly Magazine of History, June 1910)
Russell, Hilary. Underground Railroad Activists in Washington, D.C. Washington History, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Fall/Winter, 2001/2002), pp. 28-49
Waldrip, W. D. A Station of the Underground Railroad. The Indiana Quarterly Magazine of History, Vol. 7, No. 2 (June, 1911), pp. 64-76

VIGILANCE COMMITTEES
Driving Out Irishmen from South Carolina, Western Reserve Chronicle(Warren, OH), Oct. 15, 1856, 2
 

SLAVE NARRATIVES

Slave Narratives from the Federal Writers' Project, 1936-1938
Slave Narratives Full (Video)
Charlie Hudson, age 80
Polsky, Milton. The American Slave Narrative: Dramatic Resource Material for the Classroom (Journal of Negro Education, Spring 1976)
 

PLANTATION OWNERS
Robert Francis Withers Allston, Prince George Winyaw, Georgeton, S.C., 1850 Federal census

Bennet Hilliard Barrow (1811-1854)
Hamilton-Barrow Family Papers
Bennet H. Barrow diary excerpts 1836-1845
Bennet H. Barrow Highland Plantation Rules
Bennet H. Barrow: Ante-Bellum Planter of the Felicianas, The Journal of Southern History, Nov. 1939
Review of Plantation life in the Florida Parishes of Louisiana, 1836-1846, as Reflected in the Diary of Bennet H. BarrowThe Journal of Southern History, Nov. 1943
Review of Plantation life in the Florida Parishes of Louisiana, 1836-1846, as Reflected in the Diary of Bennet H. Barrow, The Journal of Economic History, Nov., 1944

Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Thomas Jefferson and Monticello plantation

Isaac Granger Jefferson, in 1847.
He worked in the Monticello nailery
and also became a blacksmith.
 

James Henry Hammond (1807-1864)
Jon L. Wakelyn. The Changing Loyalties of James Henry Hammond: A Reconsideration. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Jan., 1974
Drew Gilpin Faust. A Slaveowner in a Free Society: James Henry Hammond on the Grand Tour, 1836-1837. The South Carolina Historical Magazine, July 1980
 

PLANTATION DRIVERS

Clifton, James M. The Rice Driver: His Role in Slave Management (The South Carolina Historical Magazine, Oct. 1981)
Hoffman, Charles and Tess. The Limits of Paternalism: Driver-Master Relations on a Bryan County Plantation (The Georgia Historical Quarterly, Fall 1983)
Van Deburg, William L. The Slave Drivers of Arkansas: A New View From the Narratives (The Arkansas Historical Quarterly, Autumn 1976)
 

PLANTATION HOUSE SERVANTS
C. W. Harper, Black Aristocrats: Domestic Servants on the Antebellum Plantation (Phylon, 2nd. Quarter, 1985)
 

PLANTATION OVERSEERS

William Mathis, age 28, illiterate, Sumter, S.C., 1850
Wiethoff, William E. Enslaved Africans' Rivalry with White Overseers in Plantation Culture" An Unconventional Interpretation (The Journal of Black Studies, Jan. 2006)
Scarborough, William Kauffman. The Southern Plantation Overseer: A Re-Evaluation (Agricultural History, Jan. 1964)
 

MODERN SLAVERY
Brazilian government team frees hundreds of slaves
The Journey of a 15-Year-Old From Mali Who Sold Himself Into Bondage
Slavery is widespread, reports international crime conference
 

GENERAL
'African-American' Becomes a Term for Debate
Brazil's Former Slave Havens Slowly Pressing for Rights
From Washington Abolition Of Slavery
The Heights of American Slaves: New Evidence on Slave Nutrition and Health
Slave descendants to sue Lloyd's
More Africans Enter U.S. Than in Days of Slavery (New York Times, Feb. 21, 2005)
Preserving a heritage (Indianapolis Star, Feb. 21, 2005)
A Big White Lie (Orlando Sentinel, Sept. 18, 2005)
Michelle Obama's family tree has roots in a Carolina slave plantation (Chicago Tribune, Dec. 1, 2008)