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BOOKS
Proceedings
of the National Emigration Convention of Colored People, 1854
Brown, William Wells. The
Black Man: His Antecedents, His Genius, and His Achievements. (1863)
[Croly, David G.] Miscegenation:
The Theory of the Blending of the Races, Applied to the American White
Man and Negro (1864)
Ponton, M. M. Life
and Times of Henry M. Turner (1917)
CENSUS RECORDS
Free
Blacks in 1790 Philadelphia Federal Census
Free
Blacks in 1800 Prince Georges County, MD
Mary Brayboy, 1850
South Carolina, Chesterfield District census
Jacob Brayboy, 1880
South Carolina, Sumter
Prince Brayboy, 1940
South Carolina, Florence County
CORPORAL PUNISHMENT ON FREE BLACKS
Mulatto
women in New Orleans receive 20 lashes for vulgar language (Natchez
Gazette, Oct. 24, 1826)
Jose
Montes and Laurence Antonio, 10 lashes for petit larceny in Mobile
(New Orleans Louisiana Advertiser, April 27, 1827)
The
Negroes (Arkansas Gazette, Nov.
23, 1831)
Infamous
Outrage By a Negro, Boston Herald, August 11, 1851, 2
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Silcox, Harry C. The
Black "Better Class" Political Dilemma: Philadelphia Prototype Isaiah C.
Wears, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Jan.
1989
NEWSPAPER ARTICLES
Negro
Citizenship, Baton Rouge Daily Advocate, April 28, 1857, 2
Can Negroes
Preempt Land, N. Y. Tribune, July 31, 1857, 3
A
War Upon the Negroes in Indiana, N. Y. Tribune, July 31, 1857,
3
The
Petition in Pennsylvania to Exclude Negro Imigration into that State,
Plain
Dealer (Cleveland), March 25, 1863, 2
Barbarism
in Illinois, Liberator (Boston), March 27, 1863, p. 52
FREE BLACK SLAVE OWNERS
Anna
Kingsley Plantation, Florida
William
"April" Ellison: A Black Entrepreneur and Slave Owner in Sumter, S.C. (1790-1861)
Free Negro Owners of Slaves in the
United States in 1830 (The Journal of Negro History, Jan. 1924)
ALLEN, RICHARD (February 14, 1760 – March 26,
1831)
Wikipedia
Richard
Allen marriage 1801
Trinidad,
Emancipator
(NY),
Sept. 26, 1839, 87
Richard
Allen Cultural Center and Museum
ATTUCKS, CRISPUS (c. 1723 – March 5, 1770)
Crispus
Attucks: revolutionary, Milwaukee Star, July 4, 1970, 1
BANNEKER, BENJAMIN (November 9, 1731 – October 9, 1806)
Wikipedia
Henry E. Baker. Benjamin
Banneker, the Negro Mathematician and Astronomer. The Journal of
Negro History, Apr., 1918
Silvio A. Bedini. Benjamin
Banneker and the Survey of the District of Columbia, 1791. Records
of the Columbia Historical Society, Washington, D.C., Vol. 69/70 (1969/1970)
Ron Eglash. The
African Heritage of Benjamin Banneker. Social Studies of Science,
Apr., 1997
Benjamin
Banneker: America's First Black Astronomer. The Journal of Blacks
in Higher Education, Summer, 1996
BECKWOURTH, JAMES (April 6, 1798–October 29, 1866)
"Opulent
Men of Color," Portage Wisconsin State Register, May 17, 1890
"Letter
from Los Angeles," San Francisco Daily Evening Bulletin, February
12, 1859
"Letter
from Pike's Peak," Freedom's Champion (Atchison, Kansas), July
14, 1860
Review
of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, The
Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Dec., 1931
Review
of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, The
Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Apr., 1932
Review
of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, California Historical
Quarterly, Spring, 1973
Review
of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Montana: The
Magazine of Western History, Summer, 1973
Review
of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Arizona and the
West, Autumn, 1973
Review
of the Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Pacific Historical
Review, Nov., 1973
BELL, PHILIP ALEXANDER (1808-April 25, 1889)
Philip
Alexander Bell: The Black Past Remembered
Philip A. Bell
1850 New York City 1850 census
Frederick
Douglass letter to Philip A. Bell, Elevator (San Francisco),
June 5, 1868, 2
Philip A. Bell
San Francisco 1880 census
Death
of Philip A. Bell, San Francisco Bulletin, April 27, 1889, p.
4
BROWN, WILLIAM WELLS (November 6, 1814 – November 6, 1884)
William Wells
Brown, Cambridge, Mass. 1870 census
William Wells
Brown, Boston, Mass. 1880 census
William
Wells Brown obituary, Springfield Republican (MA), Nov. 9, 1884,
4
William
Wells Brown obituary, Boston Daily Advertiser, Nov. 8, 1884,
8
CAMPBELL, JABEZ
Jabez Campbell
1850 census
Jabez Campbell
1860 census
Jabez Campbell
1870 census
Jabez Campbell
1880 census
CAMPBELL, TUNIS GULICK (April 1, 1812 – December 4, 1891)
Sufferings of the
Rev. T. G. Campbell and His Family, in Georgia (1877)
Tunis G. Campbell,
Newport, R.I. 1850 census
Organization
of the Labor on the Sea Islands, Letter of the Secretary of War, 39th
Congress, 2d Session, Senate Ex. Doc. 6, Jan. 21, 1867
Tunis G. Campbell
Georgia 1870 census
Campbell's
Negro Gang Arming in McIntosh County and Causing Great Excitement,New
York Herald, January 14, 1872, 5
A
Riotous Mob Attacks a Jail, Philadelphia Inquirer, May 3, 1875,
8
Tunis
Campbell--His History, Career and Downfall, Macon Weekly Telegraph,
May 18, 1875, 1
The
Governor Refuses to Pardon Tunis G. Campbell, Sr. Savannah Tribune,
May 20, 1876, 1
Tunis G. Campbell
Washington, D.C. 1880 census
Tunis G.
Campbell, military pension, 1891
Death of
Rev. T. G. Campbell, New York Age, Dec. 12, 1891, 4
A
Noted Race Champion Dies, Freeman (Indianapolis-IN) Dec. 26,
1891, 3
How
a Negro Justice Nearly Brought on International Trouble, Grand Forks
Herald (ND), July 4, 1897, 6
Freedom's
Shore: Tunis Campbell and the Georgia Freedmen (Review) The Journal
of American History, Sept. 1987
Freedom's
Shore: Tunis Campbell and the Georgia Freedmen (Review) The Journal
of Southern History, Feb. 1988
CARDOZO, FRANCIS LEWIS (Jan. 1, 1836-July 22, 1903)
State ex
rel. McKinlay vs. Cardozo, State Treasurer, May 1876
Misuse
of Public Funds, New York Herald, July 22, 1877, 9
Senteces
Pronounced on Cardozo, Smalls and Carpenter, New York Herald,
Nov. 27, 1877, 7
Carolina Corruption.
More Samples of the Official Robbery of the Palmetto State New York
Herald, March 5, 1878, 7
F.
L. Cardozo's Fame Here and Elsewhere, The State (Columbia, SC),
March 18, 1906, 15
CARDOZO, THOMAS WITHMARSH (Dec. 19, 1838-April 13, 1881)
Pious
Frauds.--A Wolf in Sheep's Clothing. Charleston Courier, Feb.
2, 1867, 1
Brock, Euline W. Thomas
W. Cardozo: Fallible Black Reconstruction Leader, The Journal of
Southern History, May, 1981, pp. 183-206
Unsung
Schoolmaster and Politician (1987)
CARMOUCHE, PIERRE
Pierre L. Carmouche
1900 Census
Pierre L. Carmouche
1920 Census
CUBANS OF COLOR
Joaquin (Wakin)
Delery, Cuban fisherman in Louisiana, 1850 census
A. Duhart, Cuban gunsmith,
New Orleans, 1850 census
A. Duhart,
Cuban gunsmith and lightning-rod maker, New Orleans, 1851 city directory
DAY, WILLIAM HOWARD
William
H. Day, Minister, Passionate Abolitionist, and College Founder
William Howard
Day 1870 census
William Howard
Day 1900 census
DELANY, MARTIN ROBERT (May 6, 1812 – January 24, 1885)
A Brief
Biography of Martin A. Delany
Martin Delany
1850 Pittsburgh census
Martin
R. Delany: His Editorial Career, Elevator (San Francisco), Nov.
6, 1868, 1
Martin Delany
1861 Chatham, Canada, census
Martin
Delany 1877 Charleston, SC, City Directory
Martin
Delany 1878 Charleston, SC, City Directory
Martin
Delany 1879 Charleston, SC, City Directory
Martin Delany
1880 Charleston, SC census
Catharine
Delany 1880 Ohio census
Martin Delany
1890 widow's pension
DESDUNES FAMILY
Jeremie and
Henriette Desdunes 1880 census
Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes
1880 census
Rodolphe
Lucien Desdunes 1896 passport
Rodolphe Lucien Desdunes
1920 census
DOBSON, JACOB
Jacob Dobson 1860
census
Jacob Dobson 1880
census
DOUGLAS, HEZEKIAH FORD (1831-1865)
Douglas's
Battery at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas History, Winter 2000.
Captain,
Co. D, Independent Battery, USCT, Muster-in and Descriptive Roll, Dec.
23, 1864
Captain, Co.
D, Independent Battery, USCT, Return, March 10, 1865
DOWNING, GEORGE T.
George T. Downing
1860 census
George T. Downing
1900 census
GARNET, HENRY HIGHLAND (December 23, 1815 – February 13, 1882)
Henry
Highland Garnet obituary, New York Herald, March 11, 1882, 5
Henry
Highland Garnet passport, Aug. 24, 1861
Henry Highland
Garnet Freedman's Bank account, 1870
Henry Highland
Garnet New York City 1870 census
GRIMKÉ, CHARLOTTE L. FORTEN (1837-1914)
Charlotte
Forten, Warminster, PA 1850 census
Charlotte
Forten, Luzerne, PA 1860 census
Charlotte
Forten, 1870 Boston Directory
Charlotten
Forten, 1874 Washington, DC Directory
Charlotten
Forten, 1879 Washington, DC Directory
Charlotte
Forten, Washington, DC 1880 census
Charlotte
Forten, Washington, DC 1910 census
HAMILTON, THOMAS
Thomas Hamilton
1850 census
Thomas Hamilton
1860 census
HIGHGATE, EDMONIA GOODELLE
Edmonia Highgate,
Albany, NY, 1850 census
Edmonia Highgate,
Syracuse, NY, 1860 census
Freedmen's
Moral Reform Society, Mobile Register, Aug. 13, 1869, 1
Sad
Death of a Talented Lady, St. Albans Messenger (VT), Oct. 28,
1870, 2
Obituary,
Morning
Republican (Little-Rock, AR), Nov. 3, 1870, 4
Find
A Grave, Oakwood Cemetery, Syracuse, NY
INGRAHAM, CAPT. JAMES HENRY (1835-JUNE 7, 1876)
New
Orleans City Directory 1869
Bravery
of Colored Troops, Elevator (San Francisco), March 18, 1870,
1
New
Orleans Federal census 1870
New
Orleans City Directory 1871
Proceedings
of the Colored Convention--Election of Delegates, Weekly Louisianian
(New Orleans), March 7, 1872, 2
Freedman's
Bank Account, Aug. 30, 1873
New
Orleans City Directory 1874
Excitement
on Marais Street, Times-Picayune (New Orleans), Aug. 18, 1875,
1
JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (1836-)
Benjamin
Johnson 1850 census
Benjamin
Johnson 1860 census
Benjamin
Johnson 1863 draft substitute
Benjamin
Johnson 1870 census
JONES, JOHN (1817-May 31,1879)
The
Black Past
John Jones 1860
Chicago census
John Jones 1870
Chicago census
LANGSTON, JOHN MERCER
John
M. Langston Dead, The State (Columbia, SC), Nov. 16, 1897, 1
LYNCH, JAMES D. (1839 – DEC. 18, 1872)
Biography
in BlackPast.org
"The
Idol of the Negroes"
Letter
to the editor of the "Anglo-African", July 9, 1864
James D.
Lynch, 1870 Jackson, Miss. census
MARTIN, JOHN SELLA
Wikipedia
Obituary:
The Rev. J. Sella Martin, Evening-Post (NY) Aug. 14, 1876, 2
Obituary:
The Rev. J. Sella Martin, NY Herald-Tribune, Aug. 15, 1876,
5
Fatality
of Negro Politicians, Columbian Register (New Haven-CT), Aug.
26, 1876, 2
MENARD, JOHN WILLIS (April 3, 1838 – October 8, 1893)
John Menard
passport application, April 2, 1860
John
Menard New Orleans directory 1870
John Menard 1880
census
MORRIS, ROBERT (1823-1882)
Robert Morris
1850 census
Robert Morris
1860 census
Robert Morris
1870 census
Robert Morris
1880 census
Robert Morris
1882 death record
NORTH, ABRAHAM
Obituary,
Charleston Mercury, January 17, 1865, 2
PARHAM, WILLIAM
William Parham
Cincinnati City Directoy 1864
William Parham
1870 census
William Parham
1880 census
William Parham
1900 census
POWELL JR, WILLIAM PENTECOST (Dec. 12, 1835, Selma-Nov. 6, 1915,
Willis, TX)
William P. Powell,
Jr.: Doctor and Soldier
Black
Abolitionist Archive (William Powell, Sr.)
Boarding
House for Seamen The Liberator (Boston), Dec. 18, 1840, p. 204
William P. Powell Jr.
1863 military draft registration, Washington, D.C.
William P. Powell Jr.
1900 census
William P. Powell Jr.
1910 census
William P. Powell Jr.
1915 death certificate
PURVIS, ROBERT
Robert Purvis
1870 census
Robert Purvis
1880 census
Anecdotes
of Public Men, San Francisco Elevator, July 20, 1872, 1
Commissioner of the Freedman's Savings
and Trust Company
The
Freedman's Bank in Bankruptcy, Springfield Republican (MA),
July 3, 1874, 4
Robert
Purvis Dead, Philadelphia Inquirer, April 16, 1898, 12
RANDOLPH, PASCHAL BEVERLY (October 8, 1825 – July 29, 1875)
Wikipedia
Arrived
in New York from Europe and Africa, Daily Illinois State Register
(Springfield, IL), Sept. 20, 1855, 2
Spiritualism!Springfield
Republican (Springfield, MA) April 4, 1856, 3
A
Concrete Man, Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH) May 27, 1856, 2
Further
Correction and Explanation, Liberator (Boston), Dec. 10, 1858,
199
A
Final Correction, Liberator (Boston), Dec. 31, 1858, 211
Letter
from Gerrit Smith, Liberator (Boston), Dec. 31, 1858, 211
Dr. P.
B. Randolph, Indian Physician, Boston Herald, Aug. 24, 1860,
1
Raised
Indian Regiment with the rank of colonel, Trenton State Gazette,
May 18, 1861, 2
In
San Francisco on his way to China, Springfield Republican (MA),
Nov. 30, 1861, 1
The
Fremont Legion--Negro Convention, Daily National Intelligencer,
July 27, 1863, 2
The
Colored Soldiers, Liberator (Boston), Sept. 4, 1863, 143
Lloyd
Garrison School--Colored, Liberator (Boston), Nov. 10, 1865,
179
In
Washington for an interview with the President, Albany Evening Journal,
July20, 1866, 2
Another
Donation from the President, Daily National Intelligencer, Aug.
3, 1866, 2
Collecting
funds for a high-grade school in New Orleans, NY Herald Tribune, Aug.
8, 1866, 4
Letter
to the N.Y. Tribune denouncing racism in New Orleans, Portsmouth
Journal of Literature and Politics, Aug. 11, 1866, 2
Personal,
Vermont
Phoenix (Brattleboro, VT), Aug. 24, 1866, 2
Denounced
President Johnson for not contributing $200, Flake's-Bulletin (Galveston,
TX), Sept. 22, 1866, 4
The
Great Show, Arkansas Weekly Gazette (Little-Rock), Oct. 9, 1866,
2
Lecture
in the Boston Theatre, Boston Journal, January 25, 1867, 2
The
Lecture at Huntington Hall, Lowell Daily Citizen and News (MA),
January 31, 1867, 2
For Man,
For Woman advertisement, Boston Herald, July 23, 1867, 1
Consulting
Clairvoyant, Boston Herald, July 24, 1867, 1
Colonize
in Virginia, Boston Herald, March 24, 1869, 2
Love
at Last! advertisement, Lowell Daily Citizen and News, Nov.
8, 1870, 1
P.
B. Randolph at the Opera House, Providence Evening Press (Providence,
RI) June 26, 1871, 3
Self-Poisoning,
Lowell
Daily Citizen and News (MA), Oct. 22, 1872, 2
A
narrow escape from death by poisoning, Elevator (San Francisco),
Nov. 9, 1872, 3
Oration
at Dashaway Hall, San Francisco Bulletin, Dec. 19, 1874, 2
Suicide
of a Well Know Spiritualist, Wheeling Register, July 30, 1875,
1
ROCK, JOHN S.
John S. Rock 1850
census
John S. Rock 1860
census
John S. Rock 1863
military draft registration
ROUDANEZ, JEAN BAPTISTE
Jean Baptiste Roudanez
New Orleans directory 1867 census
Jean Baptiste Roudanez
New Orleans 1880 census
RUBY, GEORGE THOMPSON (1841–Oct. 31, 1882)
The
Handbook of Texas Online
Legislative
Reference Library of Texas
The
1860s: George T. Ruby
African American Leader
SMITH, JAMES McCLUNE (April 18, 1813–November 17, 1865)
James McClune Smith
1850 census
Anti-Slavery
Convention, Philadelphia Public Ledger, June 28, 1855, 3
Introduction
to My Bondage and My Freedom by Frederick Douglass, Cayuga
Chief (Auburn, NY), Aug. 21, 1855, 2
Dr.
James McCune Smith, Frederick Douglass' Paper, Jan. 28, 1859,
2
James McClune Smith
1860 census
Death
of Dr. J. McClune Smith, NY Evening Post, Nov. 17, 1865, 4
SMOTHERS, SAMUEL H.
Samuel H. Smothers
1860 census
Samuel H. Smothers
1863 military draft registration
STILL, WILLIAM (October 7, 1821 – July 14, 1902)
TURNER, HENRY McNEAL (February 1, 1834–May 8, 1915)
Life and
Times of Henry M. Turner (1917)
Henry M.
Turner, Macon, Ga., 1870 census
Henry M.
Turner, Washington, DC, 1880 census
Henry
M. Turner passport, Sept. 30, 1891
Henry
M. Turner passport, Feb. 9, 1898
Henry M.
Turner, Atlanta, Ga., 1900 census
Henry M.
Turner, Atlanta, Ga., 1910 census
Henry M.
Turner, death certificate, Windsor, Canada, May 8, 1915
Bishop
Turner's Funeral Impressive, Savannah Tribune, May 22, 1915,
1
WEARS, ISAIAH C.
Silcox, Harry C. The
Black "Better Class" Political Dilemma: Philadelphia Prototype Isaiah C.
Wears, The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Jan.
1989
Isaiah Wears Philadelphia
1870 census
Isaiah
Wears Philadelphia 1870 city directory
Isaiah
Wears Philadelphia 1873 city directory
Isaiah
Wears Philadelphia 1875 city directory
Isaiah Wears Philadelphia
1880 census
WEAVER, ELISHA
Elisha Weaver
1870 census
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