Born in Matanzas, Cuba, 1828. Participated in the Vuelta Abajo independence conspiracy of 1852, buying weapons in Havana that were smuggled to the rebels in the countryside. Confidential correspondent in Cuba of the Cuban exile newspaper La Verdad, published in New York. Editor and writer of the clandestine independence newspaper La voz del pueblo cubano in Cuba. The printer, Eduardo Facciolo was arrested by the Spanish authorities and executed. Bellido de Luna fled Cuba in 1852, leaving behind his commercial business, on a ship for the United States. He was sentenced to death in absentia.

One of the speakers at the Cuban Junta meeting in New York City on October 11, 1852. Returned to Cuba after the general amnesty of 1856. He was imprisoned in 1866 for illegal political activities, in San Severino fortress, Matanzas, and upon his release, returned to exile in the United States. In 1869, a year after the start of the Ten Years' War, he was arrested while leading an armed expedition to Cuba, and deported to Spain. He fled Europe in 1870, and once again sought refuge in New York City, where he was active in Cuban revolutionary politics.

His brother, Antonio Bellido de Luna, a U.S. citizen, was living in Guanabacoa in 1885, when he sued the Spanish government, for the false imprisonment and death of brother Francisco Bellido de Luna, also an American citizen. He was represented by Washington, D.C. attorney Jose Ignacio Rodriguez.

In 1885, Juan Bellido de Luna was editor of El Mentor Ilustrado de los Niños, a newspaper for children, at 234 Eight Ave., New York City. He hired attorney Rodriguez to sue the government of Colombia for $25,000 when the civil war in that country made him lose all his newspaper subscriptions destroyed in a post office fire.

An accomplished poet and essayist, in 1888 published in New York the pamphlet The Annexation of Cuba to the United States. The following year he was living at 320 W. 44 Street, Manhattan and using a rubber stamp on his correspondence which read: "Juan Bellido de Luna, No. 12 Old Slip, Room 20, New York, Agente Comisionista."