Colombia's female fighting force
By Jeremy McDermott in El Caguan
Adriana is 17 years old. She joined the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia
(FARC),
when she was 13 and killed her first man at 14.
"We attacked a police station, Adriana said looking down as she recalled
her first taste of
combat. "I just kept firing at the police station whilst other moved in.
I lost some good friends
that day."
Up to 30% of Colombia's most powerful guerrilla army is female. Women fight
alongside the men
and endure the same hardships as them.
The FARC control more than 40% of the country and almost every week some
isolated police
station or security force base is attacked by guerrilla columns, hundreds
strong.
Without the women the FARC would not be able to maintain such territorial
domination or
mount such frequent operations.
And while the FARC seven-man secretariat is just that - all men - women
are making their
way up the guerrilla ranks, and several now hold the coveted title of Commandante.
One such woman is Mariana Paez, 38. She has spent more than 11 years in
the rebel ranks
and now is on the FARC team involved in the peace process.
'No machismo'
She said the FARC was blazing a new trail in Colombia on the treatment of women.
"In the FARC, there is no machismo, as a policy," she said. "Yes there
are macho men in
the FARC, because let's face it, this is a macho culture.
"But such is the discipline in the FARC, that we are erasing these tendencies."
At first sight the women appear the same as the men. Both carry AK-47 assault
rifles with the obligatory machete hanging on their hips.
"Women are not treated differently, we do not cut them any slack during
training or
operations," said Mariana.
"They march with the men, they carry their equipment and they fight just
the same," she
added as she sat in the sun outside the negotiating centre in the south
of Colombia, in
a 16,000 square mile zone granted to the FARC for peace talks.
But peace talks arefrozen and the dense jungles of this safe haven are
riddled with
FARC camps, where guerrilla live, train and plan their next operations.
Visiting these camps the practice seemed to contradict the theory as far
as women are
concerned.
In the field kitchens it was the girls that were peeling the potatoes and
preparing the lunch.
It was the girls who served the meal and then cleared up after it.
Despite the rough living conditions in the jungles of southern Colombia,
many of the
guerrillas girls wore make up, had colourful hair bands and exotically
painted nails.
Yet they receive no regular salary and few have the chance to go into towns
to buy such
luxuries as cosmetics.
Rules on relationships
Many armies around the world have, or are, considering putting women in
the front line,
but wrestle with how they can regulate relationships between the sexes
in the close
confines of operations.
The FARC have set up a complex set of rules governing sexual relations.
They are permitted,
but no lasting attachments are encouraged and pregnancy is forbidden.
"In the first place girls have to ask permission before they embark on
a relationship. There
can be no secrets and if discovered these are punished," said Mariana Paez.
"Secondly there is no contract of any kind and if the commander tells her
to leave her
boyfriend then so be it. While they are together they may bunk down in
the same
place, but at no time must the relationship interfere with work."
But there is discrimination within this policy.
While male guerrillas may form relationships outside the rebel ranks, the
females may only
date men within the organisation. But Adriana said that women are protected
from abuse
within the FARC.
"They can't abuse the women because if they mistreat a women and she reports
them to the
commander, he has to go in front of a war council," she said. "If the war
council finds a
man guilty of rape, for example, he is executed."
Contraception is obligatory, no matter how young the guerrilla girl.
"Well it is not written anywhere that we cannot have kids, but there is
an obligation to
plan against such, " said Mariana.
"It is understood that we are professional revolutionaries. Now while that
might not be
stated when you join, slowly that is made clear to you, as it is very difficult
to be a
revolutionary and be a mother."
Intelligence role
Women are being used not just in the front line of battle but increasingly
in intelligence
gathering. In July, the elite FARC column Teofilo Forero staged an audacious
mass
kidnapping operation.
In the southern city of Neiva, not far from the guerrilla safe haven there
is one luxury
tower block of apartments, where the city's rich live.
Guerrillas disguised as policemen took over the building, blowing armoured
doors of their
hinges and kidnapping 15 people.
The operation had been planned long in advance and the information about
how to get in
and who to take had been painstakingly gathered by FARC women, who had
infiltrated the
building as maids.
Adriana was asked why the FARC recruit girls and why do they recruit them so young?
She looked puzzled and said she didn't know. But then she unwittingly answered
the
question as she rambled on about her experiences:
"There were not that many young boys left in our village, so they asked
the girls. I went
because I was bored at home and thought that life with the guerrillas would
be an
adventure. At 13 I did not know what I wanted to do, I did not realise
that I could study like I
am now."
But Adriana is not speaking from a FARC jungle camp.
The FARC now want to kill her, as she has done the unthinkable - she has
deserted from
the guerrillas and turned herself in to the authorities.
Now she is in a special rehabilitation house for minors and she is trying
to unlearn how to kill,
and to learn how to live in a city and a democracy.
She can never go home again as her family live in FARC-controlled territory,
where her former
employers are waiting.