Colombia's elusive rebel chief finally to appear
SAN VICENTE DEL CAGUAN, Colombia (AP) -- A rebel commander
known as "Sureshot" is expected to come down from the mountains
Thursday to talk peace 34 years after pulling together a scraggly band
of
followers that turned into a powerful guerrilla army.
Manuel Marulanda's meeting with President Andres Pastrana in this southern
ranching town has raised hopes for an end to a conflict that claims thousands
of lives each year as well as prospects for stemming Colombia's booming
cocaine trade.
For most Colombians, it will be their first real look at the oldest active
guerrilla in the Americas, the founder and patriarch of the powerful
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC.
Although Marulanda, a farmer's son with a sixth-grade education, has spent
nearly a half-century in hiding, he has come to dominate Colombian political
life. The leading newsmagazine, Semana, recently crowned Marulanda its
1998 "Man of the Year", even though he is wanted for homicide,
kidnapping, terrorism, rebellion and robbery.
A month before his August inaugural, Pastrana flew to Marulanda's jungle
hideout, shaking hands with the guerrilla leader and then proudly showing
the
photos to the nation. In November, Pastrana pulled government troops from
a rebel-dominated southern region the size of Switzerland.
The rebels, which officials say have protected the drug trade, have made
no
concessions. Marulanda has indicated, however, that he might help curb
drug trafficking as part of a peace settlement.
So far, Marulanda's conditions for peace include dismantling the right-wing
paramilitary groups that arose in response to guerrilla kidnapping and
extortion, and prisoner exchanges.
In the long term, he seeks rural wealth redistribution in a country that
has
never seen agrarian reform and where the top 5 percent earn 30 times more
than the bottom 5 percent, says Alvaro Leyva, the key intermediary between
government and FARC.
On Wednesday, guerrillas in street clothes with pistols tucked under their
shirts warily monitored the arrival of Pastrana's security contingent at
San
Vicente's airfield, 60 elite police officers with automatic rifles. Some
of the
erstwhile foes tentatively shook hands.
A dozen uniformed rebels later waited on the sweltering tarmac to greet
government negotiators. A FARC placard read "Welcome, we are people
of peace."
Skeptics worry that FARC may just be buying time before an all-out drive
to take power. Whatever the truth, the answers lie with its mysterious
leader.
Born Pedro Antonio Marin, Marulanda took up arms in 1949 after
Conservative Party henchmen began slaughtering supporters of the
peasant-backed Liberal Party. Over a decade, 200,000 people died.
Marulanda co-founded the FARC in 1964, after government troops overran
the agrarian enclave he and other communist refugees called home. Decades
later, he has transformed the hit-and-run band into a 15,000-strong guerrilla
army that controls roughly 40 percent of the Colombian countryside.
All the while, Marulanda has maintained a firm grip on the organization,
belying army efforts to portray him as out of touch.
"What we're seeing is that all that was false, that effectively it is Marulanda
who leads and that it is Marulanda who gives the movement respect," said
former government peace commissioner Daniel Garcia-Pena.
Marulanda has never left Colombia, says biographer Arturo Alape. A tango
lover who played violin as a child, Marulanda has fathered at least seven
children out of wedlock.
In recent months, he has been holding court in jungle hideouts, receiving
lawmakers and government officials. Marulanda, they say, is shy but an
excellent listener with a penetrating stare.
"He's very concrete, the way peasants speak," said Sen. Juan Manuel
Ospina, who has met twice with Marulanda. "If you get preachy with him,
he
looks the other way."
During one meeting, Marulanda was dressed like the coffee farmer he might
have become -- white shirt, khaki pants, towel over the shoulder for wiping
sweat off the brow, machete and holstered pistol on his belt.
At heart, says Alape, Marulanda is a warrior.
When some lawmakers recently invited him to address Congress, he is said
to have told a subordinate: "If I do go address Congress, I'll have to
do it in
uniform, for I am the commander of an army."
Copyright 1999 The Associated Press.