MEXICO CITY (AP) -- For generations, Mexico's National Autonomous
University gave sons and daughters of the working class an inexpensive
education, the chance to become doctors, lawyers, even the leaders of the
country. It was a great, generous dream.
But the university has struggled in recent years as government funding
fell
and enrollment increased. And now a wearisome strike by radical students
has shuttered the largest school in Latin America, forcing its 260,000
students to delay or give up their own dreams.
With no end in sight, the strike passes the six-month mark Wednesday at
the
school that helped educate four of Mexico's last five presidents and which
remains the nation's center of scientific research.
Adding to the uncertainty is the threat of a staff strike. A major union
has
threatened to walk out Nov. 1 if pay demands are not met.
Many students at the university known by its Spanish initials, UNAM
(pronounced OO-nahm), have left for other schools or taken jobs.
Armando Moreno Sala, 26, abandoned his internship at UNAM's
Veterinary Hospital and shifted to a less-prestigious program at Toluca,
35
miles west of Mexico City.
"The strike has meant abandoning my dream, which was to be in that
hospital, which I consider to be the best in Latin America," he said.
The trouble started early this year, when UNAM President Francisco
Barnes pushed a tuition increase through the university's governing council.
Tuition in peso terms had been frozen for 50 years as inflation slowly
eroded
it to the equivalent of a few cents. It was raised to about $140 annually
--
roughly the dollar level of 1948.
Students struck on April 20, insisting that Mexico's constitutional guarantee
of free education should apply to universities as well as to grade schools,
though the nation's courts have rejected that argument.
"The movement is for all the people who come after us. If we surrender,
they
will not have an education later," said Liliana Gonzalez, a 28-year-old
graduate student in arts who was passing a can for coins at a strike rally
Tuesday.
In June, administrators compromised, essentially making tuition voluntary.
But strikers demanded that tuition be fully eliminated.
They also insisted the university scrap other recent reforms: tighter limits
on
the time allowed to achieve a degree and higher grades required to advance
from UNAM's prep schools to its undergraduate program -- a process long
known as the "automatic pass."
Students argued those measures hurt low-income students who also have to
work. Administrators said the rules as they were allowed unqualified or
lazy
students to fill positions better used by others.
Barricades block most roads at the sprawling campus in southern Mexico
City and red-and-black strike banners ripple from many of its buildings.
Administrators have had to work out of other facilities.
On Monday, strikers forced the full or partial closure of many university
research centers, which carry out much of Mexico's top-level research.
They
had earlier been allowed to operate as long as they held no classes.
Federal and city officials have been slow to intervene because the university
is legally autonomous -- a status meant to protect it from political
interference -- and because attacks on student protests in 1968 turned
officials of that era into villains of Mexican history.
Mexico City's leftist government finally clashed with the students last
week
when a demonstration blocked the principal freeway and riot police were
called out to clear the road -- beating some protesters bloody.
UNAM officials and even some leftists have accused the strikers of holding
the university hostage in order to press fruitlessly for broad, socialist
changes. Many students seem puzzled as well.
"It makes me feel resentful," said Moreno, the veterinary student. "I don't
know what's behind the strike. There are hidden interests, things much
broader than the university."
Copyright 1999 The Associated Press.