Cuban Boy Is an Obsession for Castro
By MARK FINEMAN, Times Staff Writer
HAVANA--U.N. Secretary General Kofi Annan had just finished a discourse
on globalization and
good governance
when Cuban President Fidel Castro rose from the front row of the lecture
hall here
and approached
the audience microphone.
But after just 15 minutes of praising Annan and appealing for better planning
in a world "in chaos,"
the Cuban
leader, who is as famous for his marathon speeches as his Third World advocacy,
suddenly
but politely
excused himself: "I have to rush to the 'Round Table.' "
The "Round Table" is, quite simply, Castro's favorite show--a daily two-hour
program on state
television
launched earlier this year as a centerpiece of the Cuban leader's national
crusade to win the
return
of 6-year-old castaway Elian Gonzalez.
Almost nothing has kept Castro from his seat in the "Round Table" studio
audience--not even the
run-up
to this week's Group of 77 summit, which has drawn scores of dignitaries
from more than 100
developing
nations to Havana to chart a new course for the world's have-nots.
And Castro's brusque departure from the lecture hall Tuesday afternoon
to attend a show that
micro-analyzes
the latest reports in the Elian case underscored how this young boy has
become a
personal
obsession for the 73-year-old leader--and, thus, for his nation.
In the 41st year of Castro's rule, the battle to free the "little kidnap
victim" from distant relatives in
Miami
powerfully illustrates how the Communist leader has institutionalized and
personalized not
merely
this issue but his leadership as a whole--how this nation of 11 million
has become like a body
that is
moved by its leader's mind.
Castro's four-month mobilization for Elian--for which the Cuban government
has spent millions of
desperately
needed dollars on such things as 600,000 "Free Elian" T-shirts and an elaborate
protest
plaza--also
has served to transform the president's image here from a stern, bearded
patriarch of the
1959 Cuban
Revolution to a warmer, fuzzier grandfather figure.
But analysts here say that for Castro--who fought a bitter custody battle
of his own to win back his
son in
the 1950s--the Free Elian crusade is, at its core, an ideological one.
It personifies the basic
forces
of communist good and capitalist evil that he has preached to his nation
since overthrowing the
corrupt
U.S.-backed dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista four decades ago.
Miami Cubans Called a Mafia
Since the saga began, the Cuban leader has cast the boy's great-uncle Lazaro
Gonzalez, who has
refused
to surrender Elian to his Cuban father or to U.S. immigration authorities,
as a tool of Miami's
anti-Castro
political lobby groups.
In recent weeks, Castro has called those Cuban American groups "Miami mob
organizations"--a
clear
reference to the U.S. organized-crime groups that used Havana as a headquarters
for decades
before
his revolution. They are a "mafia," Castro asserts, that has no respect
for the rights of a father
to his
motherless son.
Using the evening "Round Table" as the main forum, the Cuban government
has gone a step
further,
drawing broad distinctions between those exile groups, which have heavily
influenced U.S.
policy
toward Cuba for decades, and the U.S. government itself, which ruled in
early January that
Elian
must be reunited with his father.
In effect, Washington, which has been demonized here through decades of
an embargo that Castro
calls
economic warfare, now is cast night after night as an ally in the struggle
for Elian--although Castro
hasn't
let up on his tirades against the capitalism and materialism that he says
are corrupting the boy
during
his stay in Miami.
Beyond the "Round Table," Castro has used commanding imagery in the streets
to reinforce the
campaign.
The new protest pavilion--covering more than a city block beside the seafront
U.S. Interests
Section
here--features towering steel arches and a bronze statue of Cuba's historic
hero Jose Marti
holding
a small child and pointing toward the diplomatic mission.
In the boy's hometown of Cardenas, 100 miles from the capital, the century-old
municipal museum
now has
a permanent "Hall of Elian," featuring dozens of handwritten messages,
drawings and
photographs
of the boy before and after his mother took him on the ill-fated smugglers'
journey to
Florida,
in which she and 10 others drowned.
At Elian's Marcelo Salado Primary School across the street, where a sign
on his chair declares that
"Elian's
desk is untouchable," the boy himself has become a central part of the
curriculum. Each day,
teachers
use his case to lecture on the advantages of socialism in a nation where
literacy is nearly
100% and
education and health care are free to all.
Many Exhausted by Long Crusade
But after months that have included massive, state-sponsored street demonstrations
and a constant
propaganda
blitz, the crusade appears to have exhausted many here. And there are other
images that
appear--on
the surface, at least--to stand out in contrast.
Every morning these days, hundreds of Cubans throng the neighborhood surrounding
the
glass-and-concrete
Interests Section building that serves as the U.S. embassy in Havana--not
to
protest,
but to wait for a chance to seek a visa to visit the United States.
So huge is the crowd and so fervent their desire to visit relatives who
have migrated through the
decades--most
to Miami--that Cuban police have had to design an intricate procedure to
accommodate
and control them. In all, records on the scene indicate that more than
6,000 are on the
waiting
list just for their turn to deposit their passports and apply for a temporary
U.S. visa.
"We Cubans have a dual personality, a dual morality," said a 65-year-old
retired statistics
technician
in the crowd who identified himself only as Benito.
"We'll come here to protest because we believe this little boy should be
with his father,' he said.
"But we'll
also come here and wait for a visa because, for other reasons, we'd like
to visit America
ourselves."