Joseph Pulitzer Dies Suddenly
Owner of the New York World Succumbs to Heart Disease
on His Yacht at Charleston
His Last Words in German
"Leise, Ganz Leise," (Softly, Quite Softly,) He Said to His
Reading Secretary
Wife Summoned in Time
She and Youngest Son at His Bedside--Body Will Be
Brought Here for Interment
Special to The New York Times
HARLESTON, S.C., Oct. 29.--Joseph Pulitzer, proprietor of The
New York World and St. Louis Post-Dispatch, died aboard his yacht,
the Liberty, in Charleston Harbor at 1:40 o'clock this afternoon. The
immediate cause of Mr. Pulitzer's death was heart disease. Although he
had
been in poor health for some time, there was no suspicion on the part of
those
accompanying him that his condition was serious.
The change for the worse came at about 2 o'clock this morning, when he
suffered an attack of severe pain. By daylight he appeared to be better
and
fell asleep soon after 10:30. He awoke at 1 o'clock and complained of pain
in
his heart. Soon he fell into a faint and expired at 1:40 o'clock.
Mrs. Pulitzer, who had been sent for, arrived from New York today, and
reached the yacht shortly before her husband died. At his bedside also
when
the end came was his youngest son, Herbert, who has been cruising with
his
father.
Mr. Pulitzer's body will be taken north at 4:30 tomorrow afternoon on a
special Pullman car. The funeral will be held at Woodlawn Cemetery in New
York probably toward the end of this week.
Mr. Pulitzer's son, Joseph, Jr., is now on his way from St. Louis with
his wife,
and one of his daughters will come from Florida. Ralph Pulitzer, the eldest
son, is on the way to Charleston, and will meet the train en route.
Up to an hour and a half before his death Mr. Pulitzer's mind remained
perfectly clear. His German secretary had been reading to him an account
of
the reign of Louis the Eleventh of France, in whose career Mr. Pulitzer
had
always taken the liveliest interest. As the secretary neared the end of
his
chapter and came to the death of the French King, Mr. Pulitzer said to
him:
"Leise, ganz leise, ganz leise." (softly, quite softly.)
These were the last words he spoke.
Some members of Mr. Pulitzer's party will go north to-morrow on the train
with Mrs. Pulitzer, Herbert Pulitzer, and the body of the dead journalist.
The
other members of the party will remain on the yacht which will probably
sail
for New York to-morrow.
Mr. Pulitzer's yacht has been in Charleston Harbor for six days. She was
on
the way to Jekyl Island, near Brunswick, Ga., where Mr. Pulitzer had a
Winter home. On account of the threatening weather and the reported West
Indian hurricane, however, she put into Charleston.
Mr. Pulitzer was attended in his last illness by Dr. Robert Wilson of
Charleston and Dr. Guthman, Mr. Pulitzer's physician.
Mr. Pulitzer, accompanied by his younger son, Herbert, left New York
aboard his yacht on Oct. 18, intending to take a leisurely voyage to Jekyl
Island.
Aside from a heavy cold which had prevented him from taking his daily drives
in Central Park, Mr. Pulitzer was in his usual health when he left this
city. He
was taken ill on Friday, and the yacht put into Charleston. His illness
proving
serious a telegram was sent to his wife who left New York for Charleston
yesterday.
Mr. Pulitzer's Career Remarkable Rise from Poverty to Wealth and
Power
Joseph Pulitzer's career was a striking example of the opportunities that
have
been found in the United States for advancement from penury and
friendlessness to wealth and power. Few who have come here to find their
fortunes have been more handicapped at the start. He was without funds,
had
no acquaintances in this country, did not know the language, and suffered
from defective vision which harassed him all his life, and made sad his
last
years, when he was compelled practically to retire from active work. Few
have had struggles more severe, yet at 31, thirteen years after landing
at
Castle Garden, he was the owner of a daily newspaper and on the road to
riches.
Mr. Pulitzer's influence on the development of modern American journalism
has been large. In the first issue of The St. Louis Post-Dispatch he gave
expression to those ideals as follows:
The Post and Dispatch will serve no party but the people; will be no organ
of
Republicanism, but the organ of truth, will follow no caucuses but its
own
convictions; will not support the Administration, but criticise it; will
oppose all
frauds and shams wherever and whatever they are; will advocate principles
and ideas rather than prejudices and partisanship.
In assuming proprietorship of The New York World, Mr. Pulitzer said:
There is room in this great and growing city for a journal that is not
only cheap
but bright, not only bright but large, not only large but truly
democratic--dedicated to the cause of the people rather than that of purse
potentates--devoted more to the news of the New than the Old World; that
will expose all fraud and sham; fight all public evils and abuses; that
will serve
and battle for the people with earnest sincerity.
Arrived Here Penniless
Joseph Pulitzer was born in Budapest in 1847. His father was a business
man,
supposedly of means, but when he died, while Joseph was still a boy, it
was
found that the estate was very small. In order that he might not be a burden
on
his mother, Joseph determined to enter the army. He applied to his uncle,
who
was a Colonel in the Austrian Army, but when he was examined as to
physical fitness he was rejected because of the defect in one of his eyes.
He
went to Germany and sought to enter th Prussian Army, but was again
rejected for the same reason. He tried to enlist in France and England
with the
same result.
The civil war was in progress in this country, and he decided to come here.
It
exhausted his resources to pay his passage, and he landed at Castle Garden
in
1864 practically penniless. He knew nobody in this country and could speak
only a dozen words of English. Within a few days, however, he met a
fellow-countryman who had just enlisted in a German cavalry regiment then
being raised in this city. Men were badly needed in the Union Army, and
the
requirements as to sharpness of vision were not as strict as in time of
peace.
The young Austrian was enrolled and served to the end of the war in the
Lincoln Cavalry, as the regiment was called, part of the time under Sheridan.
When he was mustered out at its close in New York City he was still ignorant
of English, as his soldier companions had all been of foreign birth and
spoke
their native languages. Another Austrian who had been his close companion
suggested that they go West to seek their fortunes. They went to a railroad
ticket office, threw down all the money they had between them, and asked
for
passage as far West as their capital would take them. It was thus by chance
that Mr. Pulitzer went to St. Louis. Their tickets were only to East St.
Louis,
Ill., across the river from the Missouri city. There was no bridge in those
days,
but Pulitzer made himself acquainted with the fireman on a ferryboat, and
offered to do his firing if he would take him across. He not only got across
by
this means, but was continued at work as a fireman until he became a
stevedore on the wharves of St. Louis.
After alternating as stevedore and as fireman on boats plying between St.
Louis and New Orleans for some time he had enough money saved to start
in
business as a boss stevedore in St. Louis. This was his first enterprise,
and it
was not a success. Its failure left him again penniless, and with his strength
diminished. He applied to an employment agency for lighter work, and got
a
place as a coachman in a private family. Here again his defective vision
proved a handicap, and after two weeks he was discharged because his
employer feared he would run into something.
Pulitzer vainly sought employment in every direction. There was a cholera
epidemic in St. Louis and the undertakers were in need of help to bury
the
hundreds who died. He eagerly took up this work and was soon digging
trenches on Arsenal Island. He went from one humble employment to another
until a St. Louis politician, noting his ignorance of American ways, induced
him to take a post that no well-informed person would have undertaken.
In
the reconstruction days, after the close of the war, Missouri was largely
in the
hands of bushwhackers and guerrillas. In order to have the charter of the
St.
Louis & San Francisco Railroad recorded in each county of the State
it was
necessary that the papers should be personally filed with the clerk of
every
county, and it was expected that the man engaged in the task would almost
certainly lose his life. Pulitzer realized nothing of this and started
off joyously
on a horse provided for him. He completed the task and returned to St.
Louis
still in ignorance of the risk he had run.
This experience marked the turning point in his early struggles. It gave
him a
knowledge which no other man then possessed of the land conditions of every
county in the State, and real estate men found his services invaluable.
Even
during his earlier vicissitudes he had been a voracious reader and eager
student and had already begun to study law. This he went ahead with rapidly,
and in 1868, four years after he landed at Castle Garden, he was admitted
to
the bar. He practiced for a short time, but the profession was too slow
for
him. He was bursting with ambition and energy and found it impossible to
confine himself to the tedious routine of a young attorney. He looked about
for some manner of life in which he could bring all his suppressed energies
into
immediate play. He found it in journalism.
Enters Journalism and Politics
He became a reporter for the Westliche Post, a German paper edited by Carl
Schurz. His first appearance in this capacity was recently described by
one
who had been at the time a reporter on an English paper as follows:
I remember his appearance distinctly, because he apparently had dashed
out
of the office upon receiving the first intimation of whatever was happening,
without stopping to put on his coat or collar. In one hand he held a pad
of
paper and in the other a pencil. He did not wait for inquiries, but announced
that he was the reporter for The Westliche Post, and then he began to ask
questions of everybody in sight. I remember to have remarked to my
companions that for a beginner he was exasperatingly inquisitive. The manner
in which he went to work to dig out the facts, however, showed that he
was a
born reporter.
Mr. Pulitzer's chief ambition at that time seemed to be to root out public
abuses and expose evildoers. In work of this kind he was particularly
indefatigable and absolutely fearless.
This was 1868, and before the year was over he had risen to city editor
and
later to managing editor. Still later he became part owner of the paper.
In the
meantime he had begun taking an active part in National and local politics.
In
1869 he was elected to the Missouri Legislature, though but twenty-two
years
old, and only five years after he had landed here penniless and ignorant
of the
language. In 1872 he was a delegate to the Cincinnati Convention that
nominated Horace Greeley as the Democratic candidate for the Presidency.
In 1874 he sold his interest in the paper and went abroad to complete his
education, but soon returned to this country. That same year he was a
member of the Missouri Constitutional Convention.
During the bitter contest that followed the Tilden-Hayes campaign Mr.
Pulitzer served The New York Sun at Washington as special correspondent
and editorial writer. His articles were of vitriolic brilliancy and appeared
over
his own name, a departure that was rare in those days. He continued this
work until 1878, when he again visited Europe.
On his return in the Fall of that year he went to St. Louis, where The
Evening
Dispatch was to be sold at auction after a precarious existence of several
years. Mr. Pulitzer bought it for $2,500. When he entered the office the
next
morning as proprietor of his own newspaper he was unable to find as much
as
a bushel of coal or a roll of white paper. More complete ruin and decay
were
never seen in a newspaper office. By impressing into service everybody
within
reach he managed to get out an issue of 1,000 copies. He set to work at
once
with characteristic energy to improve the situation. At that time the journalistic
field in the West was occupied almost exclusively by morning papers. There
were two other afternoon papers in St. Louis, The Post and The Star. Within
forty-eight hours he had absorbed the Post, and the first number of The
Post-Dispatch, which afterward became an enormous success, was issued.
During this period his political activities continued. In 1880 he was a
delegate
to the Democratic National Convention, and in 1884 he was elected to
Congress from a New York district. The duties of this position so interfered
with his journalistic affairs that he resigned after a few months' service.
Buys The New York World
It was just at this time, in fact, that he bought the New York World from
Jay
Gould. The World had never made a striking success. It had been started
in
June, 1880, as a penny paper of absolutely blameless features, eschewing
in
its make-up intelligence of scandals, divorces, and even dramatic news.
Its
backing was ample, but it failed to make money. Mr. Pulitzer bought this
moribund paper and took possession May 10, 1883. Enormous difficulties
confronted him from the start.
By the adoption of methods similar to those he had employed in St. Louis,
however, Mr. Pulitzer soon had The World on a paying basis. Of these
beginnings The World itself recently said:
He was unable to expend large sums of money in the gathering of news, for
the very excellent reason that he did not have it to spend. He did instill
life and
energy into every department of the paper on the very first day of his
proprietorship, and in no part was the change in the character of matter
printed more noticeable than in the news columns. But it is a fact, patent
to
any one who will turn over the files for that year, that the first impetus
given to
the new World came from the editorial page. To this Mr. Pulitzer gave his
personal and almost undivided attention, and by this agency first impressed
upon the public mind the fact that a new, vigorous, and potent moral force
had sprung up in the community.
Of late years Mr. Pulitzer's health had not been of the best, his old eye
trouble
making impracticable the prolonged devotion to work that characterized
his
early career. He had been obliged to spend much of his time abroad or at
his
country seat at Bar Harbor. But his hand was felt directing the destinies
of
The World, no matter in what corner of the globe he happened to be.
Mr. Pulitzer had one of the most expensive households in America. He had
a
home in East Seventy-third Street, a fine estate at Bar Harbor, and another
country place on Jekyl Island, off the Georgia coast. Also he usually had
two
or three places abroad under lease, and a 1,500-ton steam yacht that added
$100,000 a year to his expenditures.
His blindness made it necessary for him to have a large personal staff.
No
man kept more closely in touch with what was going on in the world, and
all
the information had to come to him by word of mouth. He could not read;
he
could not distinguish the faces of those about him. He could only listen
and
think.
Of his homes he liked Bar Harbor best, and often remained there long after
the Winter snow was on the ground.
In Summer he rose early, and if the weather was fine he breakfasted on
his
own private veranda with his physician and companion, who told him the
important events in the day's news. Then came an exhausting business session
with his private secretary, which usually lasted two hours. Then, becoming
weary and needing the air and sunshine, he went out to drive or to ride
in an
electric launch, ever bidding the boatman to head into the breeze.
Then he was ready to work with his newspaper secretary, who had been
going over the newspapers since early morning, digesting not only The World,
but its contemporaries. Sometimes he had a visitor from the office, maybe
the
chief editorial writer or the managing editor or a reporter.
This session usually lasted about two hours, and then Mr. Pulitzer was
ready
for luncheon with the family.
In his entourage was usually a professional pianist, usually a German.
After
two hours of music Mr. Pulitzer had one of his staff read to him, usually
a
novel, until he was ready to sleep.
When in New York he rode through Central Park early in the morning, but
the hours were even more crowded with work. He completely tired out every
one of his men who was associated with him. Also, he kept them busy when
they were away from him. His own capacity for work was so enormous that
he thought the tasks that would be play for him were equally easy for others.
Since attaining affluence Mr. Pulitzer had given considerable sums to
philanthropy, chiefly in the cause of education. To the City of New York
he
gave a dozen or more free scholarships of $250 each for poor pupils anxious
to gain a college education. In making this annual gift Mr. Pulitzer said:
My especial object is to help the poor; the rich can help themselves. I
believe
in self- made men. But it is not the aim of this plan to help people for
ordinary
money-making purposes. College education is not needed for that. There
are
nobler purposes in life, and my hope is not that these scholarships will
make
better butchers, bakers, brokers and bank cashiers, but that they will
help to
make teachers, scholars, physicians, authors, journalists, Judges, lawyers,
and
statesmen. They certainly ought to increase, not diminish, the number of
those
who, under our free institutions, rise from the humblest to the highest
positions. I have not entered upon this scheme without careful thought.
It was
a dream of youth. It is the conviction of experience.
Subsequently Mr. Pulitzer gave to Columbia University an endowment of
$1,000,000 for the establishment of a school of journalism, which it has
been
understood would be utilized after his death.
After he had become wealthy he often referred to his early struggles in
conversation with his intimates. One night while strolling about the city
with
Col. John A. Cockerill, one of The World's editors, he pointed to a bench
in
Madison Square on which a poor, decayed specimen of humanity was
stretched.
"That," he said, "is where I also slept many a night. I had no bed when
I first
came to this city; I had no roof over my head. Every pleasant night until
I
found employment I slept upon that bench, and my summons to breakfast was
frequently the rap of a policeman's club."
"What did you do about rainy nights?" asked Cockerill.
"Come with me," was the answer. Mr. Pulitzer took his companion nearly
two
miles further down Broadway, and, turning into Park Place, showed him a
number of truck which were placed there every evening on account of the
insufficiency of stable room in that locality. These vehicles were long
and
broad and roomy, and, while the bed of cobblestones beneath them was not
altogether soft, yet it was drier than that furnished by an uncovered bench.
Pointing beneath one of these, Mr. Pulitzer said: "Under such a wagon as
that
and on that spot I slept on rainy nights."
Mr. Pulitzer was married in 1877 to Miss Kate Davis of Washington, a niece
of Jefferson Davis. He leaves five children, Joseph Pulitzer, Jr., Ralph,
Herbert, Constance, and Edith.
Ralph Pulitzer married Miss Frederica Vanderbilt Webb, daughter of W.
Seward Webb, in 1905. Joseph Pulitzer, Jr., was married last year. His
wife
was Miss Eleanor Wickham of St. Louis. Mr. Pulitzer's daughters are both
unmarried.
Little London Comment
News of Mr. Pulitzer's Death Reached There Too Late
Special Cable to THE NEW YORK TIMES
LONDON, Oct. 30.--The news of the death of Joseph Pulitzer reached
London too late for editorial comment in this morning's papers. In fact,
only
one paper received the news in time for publication in the regular editions.
This was The Daily Mail, which prints half a column obituary, reciting
the facts
of Mr. Pulitzer's life.
The Times briefly announces the death in a late edition, following it with
a
short record of Mr. Pulitzer's career, in which it says:
"Journalism was the work of his life. The World, under Mr. Pulitzer's
management, attained not only a huge circulation but the reputation of
being
the yellowest journal in the United States of America, a supremacy which
even to-day is only challenged by Mr. Hearst's American."
Praise of Pulitzer as a Journalist
Originator of the Journalism of Action and Achievement, Says W. R.
Hearst
His Work for the People
Full Testimony to Its Value Given by Editors the Country
Over--Lessons of His Life
By WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST Proprietor of The New York
American
Joseph Pulitzer was the founder and foremost exemplar of modern
journalism--the great originator and exponent of the journalism of action
and
achievement.
In his conception, the newspaper was not merely a money-making machine.
It
was the instrument of the will and power of its hundreds of thousands of
readers, the fulcrum upon which that power could be exerted in the
accomplishment of broad and beneficial results.
Jospeh Pulitzer knew the necessity of making his newspapers financially
successful, and he was an able business man, but it is as a great editor
that he
will be most honored and remembered.
Joseph Pulitzer was a Democrat in doctrine and in deed. He came from the
people, understood the aims and aspirations of the people, sympathized
with
the sentiments of the people, and labored to express in his newspapers
the
popular need and the popular will.
Not the great success which Joseph Pulitzer achieved nor the great wealth
which he accumulated, nor his association with men of selfish purposes
and
class prejudices, ever deprived him of his essential democracy or calloused
him to the requirements of the democratic masses.
The cause of the people Joseph Pulitzer and his newspapers ever espoused
ably and intelligently, sympathetically and powerfully. In his death journalism
has lost a leader, the people a champion, the Nation a valuable citizen.
May his sons continue his far-reaching work for their father's greater
glory, for
their own reputation and for the public good.
WILLIAM RANDOLPH HEARST
By OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD Proprietor of The Evening Post
Mr. Pulitzer's death removes a remarkable figure in American journalism.
It is
too soon to pass a final judgment upon his career or his influence upon
the
profession. Nor would such a critical estimate be fitting from an individual
at
this hour. But it may be permitted me to say that the evolution of The
World
into a fearless, outspoken, independent newspaper, with a trenchant editorial
page, has made it an invaluable force on the side of the people in their
battle
against special privilege and that form of "legalized graft" known as protective
tariff. For this Mr. Pulitzer must long be gratefully remembered, however,
one
may have differed from him in matters of journalistic taste or dissent
from
some other form his journalism has taken.
OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD
By ST. CLAIR McKELWAY Editor of The Brooklyn Eagle
I have known Mr. Pulitzer for many years, and think I knew him pretty well.
He always gave to me the impression of a man of great force, far vision,
extraordinary audacity of thought, strong confidence in himself, and rare
power to discern the currents and quicken the velocity of public opinion.
He
was peremptory, versatile, untiring, and could stamp his views so indelibly
on
his co-workers as to make them feel they had always been their views, which
he had drawn out of them, instead of forced into them by his dynamic
personality. In finance, or exploration, or manufacturing, or any grand
division
of resourcefulness he might have addressed his genius and energy to results
as
single and signal as those he wrought in journalism.
The latter calling, however, enabled what was within him to be expended
on
what was without him. The reciprocal impact of events and himself on one
another produced effects of which the news pages of his paper were the
evidence, pages in which he contributed not a little and to which he inspired
his co-workers to contribute to the limit of his power to affect them and
of
their ambition as his unconscious imitators and understands to rival, please,
and if possible, exceed him. That was the executive, achieving, creative,
or
magnified and picturesque news side of him.
The editorial side of him, if I may so differentiate, was essentially idealistic.
His
red-hot earnestness on that side was extraordinary. What he saw or foresaw
he did not wait for the trailing pace of slower intelligences gradually
to
approach. His was a glorious impatience and a magnificent precipitancy.
Nor
did it matter to him that his latest convictions might conflict with his
former and
discarded impressions. Them he could shed as events showed they were
partial and imperfect. His trend was forward. His sentiency was acute.
His
political ideality was a part of his genius, his optimism, his intellectual
mutability, his scorn for sheer consistency which he estimated as an infirmity
of
mediocre minds, opaque to vision, and regarding Deity as worthy of worship
only as Deity was a slight extension of themselves.
I knew Mr. Pulitzer as well as he allowed those he had no purpose to use
to
know him. Yet I doubt I knew him thoroughly, for he had reserves of intent
and of intensity that those nearer to him than I could probably better
know or
more accurately surmise than I. Affairs, journalism, all divisions of energy
and
endeavor will miss him, but journalism can be glad to know that his paper
was
left to his successors in such form and under such conditions as will enable
them to continue his work on the lines of his better or best sense, to
which he
always would have his staff attain and always regretted if he ever, under
the
temperature of interest or of passion or of competition, failed himself
to attain.
ST. CLAIR McKELWAY
By HENRY L. STODDARD Publisher of The Evening Mail
Joseph Pulitzer was the most aggressive and forceful figure in the journalism
of
his day and will always rank among the greatest the country has ever known.
With tremendous earnestness he devoted his whole life to his calling,
sacrificing friendship and all else to the one purpose of making a newspaper
that drew its strength solely from the people and gave back that strength
solely and intensely in the people's interest.
Mr. Pulitzer knew no other interest and had no other. Nothing was permitted
to stand between him and his sense of public duty. He attacked fearlessly
and
pursued relentlessly. He was often wrong, cruelly wrong, but he was much
oftener right and his career is marked with triumphs that are notable advances
in popular government.
HENRY L. STODDARD
By Gen. FELIX AGNUS Publisher of The Baltimore American and
The Baltimore Star
BALTIMORE, Md., Oct. 29.--American journalism has lost one of its ablest
leaders by the death of Mr. Joseph Pulitzer. While I could not approve
all of
his methods and policies, I recognized in him a strong force that made
for the
real advancement of the press of the whole country. Some of his
achievements were well-nigh marvelous and aroused in others a determination
to match his successes by similar successes of their own. He took The New
York World when it was well-nigh moribund, and transformed it into one
of
the best newspapers in the United States. Such a man can have no monument
equal to the great paper that he made.
FELIX AGNUS
By CHARLES GRASTY Editor of The Baltimore Sun
BALTIMORE, Md., Oct. 29.--Mr. Pulitzer was an editor with a sense of
public responsibility. He had a genuine sympathy with and friendship for
the
people. Whatever may be thought of his judgment of news and his method
of
presenting it, his newspapers were always vital and vibrant. He was a great
and fearless editor, knowing neither friend nor foe, and contemptuous of
business office considerations. The last years of his life were clouded
by
physical affliction and suffering that would have broken any but a dauntless
spirit.
CHARLES GRASTY
By JOHN R. McLEAN Owner of The Cincinnati Enquirer and The
Washington Post
WASHINGTON, Oct. 29.--Mr. Pulitzer's death is a loss to journalism.
Always to the fore in journalistic enterprises, fearless in the conduct
of his
paper, he will be long remembered. Vigorous in thought and action, he was
always to be reckoned with. Most able in the editorial room, he had full
knowledge of the details of his great business. He was by nature a partisan.
He had strong likes and dislikes. His great ability was acknowledged by
all
who knew him. His sons will be worthy successors of their great father.
JOHN R. McLEAN
By H. H. KOHLSAAT Publisher of The Chicago Record-Herald
CHICAGO, Oct. 29.--The success of the great publications which he made
such powerful factors in modern newspaperdom tells the story of Joseph
Pulitzer's dominating characteristics better than any other possible eulogy.
The
story of his rise from poverty and obscurity to affluence and power is
proof
that there is opportunity in this country for those who are capable and
ambitious.
H. H. KOHLSAAT
By GEORGE WHEELER HINMAN Editor of The Chicago Inter
Ocean
CHICAGO, Oct. 29.--The death of Joseph Pulitzer is a serious loss to
journalism. His fairness in his business dealing and his editorial policy
stand
unparalleled. His success in building up the greatest newspaper in the
country
should stand as a monument. He overcame great odds and won in the face
of
criticism. His success, attributed to a never- varying principle of justice,
is his
vindication.
GEORGE WHEELER HINMAN
By HORATIO W. SEYMOUR Editor of The St. Louis Republic
ST. LOUIS, Mo., Oct. 29.--In three respects Joseph Pulitzer's influence
upon American journalism was very great. He systematized and established
sensation; he was the most consistent advocate of the newspaper's duty
of
public service; he did a great deal to destroy the old idea of party organ
grinding. There were some serious faults in his journalistic code, but
it had
distinguished virtues also which will live.
HORATIO W. SEYMOUR
By W. R. NELSON Owner of The Kansas City Star
KANSAS CITY, Mo., Oct. 29.--Joseph Pulitzer, I believe, was the leading
journalist of his day, the pioneer in modernizing the newspaper. It was
his
discovery that newspapers must be entertaining. His energy, ability, and
originality in applying this idea brought unprecedented success to The
World
and made a lasting impression on journalism. Even newspapers that believed
his methods extreme could not escape being profoundly influenced by them.
Blind and ill as he was much of his life, he was a tremendous factor in
American affairs.
W. R. NELSON
By VICTOR ROSEWATER Editor of The Omaha Bee
OMAHA, Neb., Oct. 29.--I believe Joseph Pulitzer will be ranked by all
historians with the foremost of American journalists, and that he has
impressed his personality upon American newspaper making more than any
other one man. Although self-made, he saw the possibilities of a journalistic
profession, as is attested by his foundation for a school of journalism
in
conjunction with Columbia University. The resolution offered by me and
adopted by the Associated Press in 1903 congratulating him upon his purpose
was recognition of this far-sightedness.
VICTOR ROSEWATER
Praise by the Press for Mr. Pulitzer Called a Newspaper Genius Who
Brought New Life Into American Journalism
Active in Public Welfare
His Championship of the People Meets General Approbation--How He
Sobered The World
From The New York World
A man of wide culture, commanding intellect and compelling genius died
yesterday in Joseph Pulitzer.
That he was much more than this by reason of his tireless zeal in the public
service, The World is the imperfect but sincere witness. This paper is
his chief
life-work. It has been his absorbing passion, not as an end, but solely
as a
means to the expression of his ideas and ideas for human welfare.
Mr. Pulitzer brought from his Old World association with social wrongs
and
political abuses a deeper appreciation of free government than most men
feel
who were born to a share in its birthright. He brought also a high regard
for
order and authority, and this grew stronger with him to the end. He saw
no
true progress without law; no true growth without justice; no true democracy
that was not broad enough to shelter all.
He saw in our Government of checked and balanced powers the highest type
of human administration yet devised; and against strange new doctrines,
whether of executive usurpation, or of short-cuts to hasty popular action,
or
of conquest and dominion over men of other lands and races, he burned as
a
living flame.
Not this the place or time to tell of Joseph Pulitzer's great services
to peace;
of the lash he laid upon corruption in high place; of his practical and
persistent
leadership in movements of political reform or public purification, of
his
intense devotion to liberty and his passionate hatred of wrong and injustice.
These are an inseparable part of the history of the United States for thirty
years. We would do-day dwell rather upon his many manifestations of
warm-hearted interest in lesser things that would smooth the path of the
helpless, but that will never live in the formal records.
Of what has been good in The World more is due to Mr. Pulitzer's power
and
his personal attention than most men would deem possible, noting his heavy
handicap of physical infirmity and his long wanderings in search of health.
Of
its shortcomings he had been the keenest critic, and his interest was unflagging
to the very day of his death. The cable and the telegraph have brought
to it his
constant guidance, his ever-ready protest against hasty judgment, his
inspiration to endeavor. The high ideal he set for himself he better told
than
any one can tell for him when from his sick-bed at Wiesbaden, the day the
corner-stone of the Pulitzer Building was laid, Oct. 10, 1889, he cabled
to
The World this message:
God grant that this structure be the enduring home of a newspaper forever
unsatisfied with merely printing news--forever fighting every form of
Wrong--forever Independent-- forever advancing in Enlightenment and
Progress--forever wedded to truly Democratic ideas--forever aspiring to
be a
Moral Force---forever rising to a higher plane of perfection as a Public
Institution.
God grant that The World may forever strive toward the Highest Ideals--be
both a daily schoolhouse and a daily forum, both a daily teacher and a
daily
tribune, and instrument of Justice, a terror to crime, an aid to education,
an
exponent of true Americanism.
Let it ever be remembered that this edifice owes its existence to the public;
that its architect is popular favor; that its cornerstone is Liberty and
Justice;
that its every stone comes from the people and represents public approval
for
public services rendered.
God forbid that the vast army following the standard of The World should
in
this or in future generations ever find it faithless to those ideas and
moral
principles to which alone it owes its life and without which I would rather
have
it perish. That Mr. Pulitzer himself lived by these precepts and died true
to
them the editorial page and policy of The World have been the daily witness
for twenty-eight years.
From The New York Tribune
Mr. Joseph Pulitzer brought to this city from the West new ideas and a
definite purpose, and he had the boldness and energy to carry them out.
A
pioneer in paths which have become familiar, he proved that a very large
constituency was ready to welcome a newspaper of the kind which he was
prepared to produce.
The methods which he employed were unpleasing to a great number of good
citizens, partly, no doubt, because they exemplified a passion for publicity
which shocked conservative instincts; and that antagonism, which he probably
regarded as a decoration rather than a reproach, has not disappeared. But
we
think that in recent years there has been little disposition to underrate
the value
of the services which the World has rendered, not without unwarranted
judgments and grave mistakes, to the general advancement of civic and
political morality. Nor, however opinions might otherwise differ, has it
been
possible not to feel sympathy and admiration for a man who never permitted
physical disabilities of a peculiarly depressing nature to impede the activities
of
a keen and powerful mind.
From The New York Herald
The death of Mr. Joseph Pulitzer ends a remarkable and dramatic career.
His
life was a romance, showing what can be accomplished in a country like
America. He came to the United States a young man, very poor, quite
unknown, and the unthinking who met him at that time might have said
hopelessly handicapped. But instead of being handicapped he was powerfully
equipped with wonderful originality, phenomenal insight, and bewildering
energy. He was essentially the architect of his own fortune. When he reached
the zenith of his power about twenty-four years ago he was 40 years old.
Few men ever accomplished so much at that age.
From The New York Press
For years newspaper workers have known of the very delicate health of Mr.
Joseph Pulitzer, proprietor of The New York World. Yet perhaps the shock
of his death came to none with more force than to those of his own calling.
And this because, though long virtually blind and sorely tried with other
ills, he
had continued to be a tremendous power in American journalism and politics.
By all newspaper men of impartial judgment he was regarded as the foremost
editor and publisher of his day. Incomparable was his success in winning
readers to his publications. Beyond all other newspaper makers in the United
States he held them to his way of thinking. Away from his paper, hundreds
of
miles in the United States or thousands on the other side of the Atlantic
in
search of better health, he never took his touch off the intimate details
of the
huge business of his properties.
From The Buffalo Express
Mr. Pulitzer's history differs only in detail from that of many successful
newspaper men of his time. At the outset they cut their coat according
to their
cloth by making the sort of paper that is immediately salable--sensationally
yellow, fighting to attract attention, neither too fair nor too truthful.
At any rate
the sobering process began in The World and has continued until now, when
The New York World is one of the fairest and most accurate, as well as
one
of the most interesting, newspapers in the country. Nor is such virtue
its own
reward. The World is more prosperous now than it ever was before.
From The Buffalo Courier
A great journalist is dead and The World is his monument. His constructive
ability was remarkable, so was his industry. Mr. Pulitzer's career closed
before he became an old man, as literary and professional men are classed.
The World's history and Mr. Pulitzer's for the last twenty-eight years
are
closely identified. He made his newspaper one of the powers of the continent.
His clear understanding of the American people and their institutions,
and his
abundant genius gained him his extraordinary success.
From The Boston Globe
One of the giants of journalism, not only of this country, but of the
world, passed on to his reward when Joseph Pulitzer died yesterday.
His career ws one of the most brilliant, inspiring, and successful that
has ever
been known in the journalism of the world. From the time he started as
a
reporter in St. Louis he showed positive genius as a journalist. No obstacle
was too great for him to overcome. He had the nerve to buy a bankrupt
newspaper, which was sold by auction for $2,000, and in a few years made
it
a stanch and permanent success. In 1883 he had the pluck to buy a failing
newspaper in New York, one which had lost hundreds of thousands of
dollars, and in a single year put it on a sound, substantial basis.
Personally, Mr. Pulitzer was one of the most charming and entertaining
men of
his time, as those who knew him intimately can readily testify. He was
devoted to his profession. He believed in publicity as a means of promoting
what was best for the people and to expose graft and wrongdoing. He was
ever earnest in promoting with all his mighty power what he believed was
for
the greatest good of the greatest number.
From The Springfield Republican
Joseph Pulitzer had a genius for touching the heart through his newspapers.
He was the father of modern yellow journalism, as the elder Bennett was
of
the earlier type, and he has had a vast influence in creating the character
of the
press of to-day, a mixture of good and evil qualities, with the evil rather
dominating.
Pulitzer was, however, a sincere Democrat, a real lover of the masses,
and he
honestly tried to serve them. He had been a valiant fighter in behalf of
many
popular causes. He had a tender heart and generous instincts, and a strongly
sentimental nature. It must in justice be said that he had never attained
the
editorial influence upon the thought of the country of which he was ambitious.
From The Pittsburgh Post
In American journalism Joseph Pulitzer occupied a position that was unique.
He transformed The World from a position of original sensationalism into
one
of the greatest newspapers of distinctive features that made it one of
the most
popular of the foremost journals of the country. He possessed a peculiar
constructiveness that was his own, and which had an influence on journalism
throughout the country.
From The Cleveland Leader
One of the greatest journalists that ever controlled an American newspaper
or
left his impression upon American life has closed a strenuous and brilliant
career. Joseph Pulitzer leaves a gap in the public life of his adopted
country
which will be felt in the profession and out of it.
It is not necessary to subscribe to Mr. Pulitzer's doctrines as to all
great
questions or to ignore the faults and mistakes of his able and masterful
newspapers in order to recognize the heavy credit balance which his career
piled up. He paid well for the opportunities his chosen country gave him.
His
rise, no less than his services as a great publisher and editor, must be
an
inspiration to a multitude of ambitious and stout-hearted young men.
From The Cleveland Plain Dealer
Joseph Pulitzer was without question one of the most important figures
in the
history of American journalism. The work that he did was great and varied.
But perhaps his greatest achievement was his changing when he knew that
the
time had come to change.
Aghast, perhaps, at the storm he had raised, but more probably firmly
convinced that "yellowness" and extreme sensationalism could not retain
a
newspaper permanently in the esteem of the people, Mr. Pulitzer executed
a
remarkable right-about-face. The World editorially became one of the sanest,
ablest, most unbiased newspapers ever published. Its news columns, while
still delighting in playing the news for all it was worth, lost their distinctive
"yellowness."
The World to-day ranks as one of the most respected newspapers in
America. It has quite lived down its former reputation. And, fortunately,
Mr.
Pulitzer lived to see the rehabilitation made complete.
From The Charleston News and Courier
But little known to the public at large, Joseph Pulitzer was nevertheless
one of
the most remarkable men of his generation. It may well be doubted whether
any other exercised so extended an influence upon the journalism of the
last
thirty years. The transformation which was wrought in newspaper methods
under his leadership is a story familiar to many. Not so generally known,
but if
anything more extraordinary, has been the manner in which Mr. Pulitzer
has
gained and controlled during the last twenty years the great newspaper
property which he brought into existence.
From The Boston Post
With the death of Joseph Pulitzer, the greatest figure in American journalism
passes from the scene.
There have been notable newspaper men before him--Bennett, Greely,
Raymond, Dana, Childs, Medill, and others, men of wonderful sagacity,
capacity, and enterprise. But for the most part they were men of high
development in one particular direction. Mr. Pulitzer had a many-sided
personality, and he excelled in almost every direction.