The New York Times
September 7, 1901

President Shot at Buffalo Fair

                 Wounded in the Breast and Abdomen

                 He is Resting Easily

                 One Bullet Extracted, Other Cannot Be Found

                 Assassin is Leon Czolgosz of Cleveland, Who Says He is an Anarchist and Follower of
                 Emma Goldman

                 Special to The New York Times

                 Buffalo, Sept. 6.--President McKinley, while holding a reception in the Temple of Music
                 at the Pan-American Exposition at 4 o'clock this afternoon, was shot and twice wounded by Leon
                 Czolgosz, an Anarchist, who lives in Cleveland.

                 One bullet entered the President's breast, struck the breast bone, glanced and was later easily
                 extracted. The other bullet entered the abdomen, penetrated the stomach, and has not been found,
                 although the wounds have been closed.

                 The physicians in attendance upon the President at10:40 o'clock to-night issued the following bulletin:

                 "The President is rallying satisfactorily and is resting comfortably. 10:15 P. M. temperature,
                 100.4 degrees; pulse, 124; respiration 24.

                 --P.M. Rixey, --M.B. Mann, --R.E. Parke, --H. Mynter, --Eugene Wanbin.

                 Signed by George B. Cortelyou, Secretary to the President."

                 This condition was maintained until 1 o'clock A. M. when the physicians
                 issued the following bulletin:

                 "The President is free from pain and resting well. Temperature, 100.2; pulse,
                 120; respiration 24."

                 The assassin was immediately overpowered and taken to a police station on
                 the Exposition grounds, but not before a number of the throng had tried to
                 lynch him. Later he was taken to Police Headquarters.

                 The exact nature of the President's injuries is described in the following
                 bulletin issued by Secretary Cortelyou for the physicians who were called:

                 "The President was shot about 4 o'clock. One bullet struck him on the upper
                 portion of the breast bone, glancing and not penetrating; the second bullet
                 penetrated the abdomen five inches below the left nipple and one and one-half
                 inches to the left of the median line. The abdomen was opened through the
                 line of the bullet wound. It was found that the bullet had penetrated the
                 stomach.

                 "The opening in the front wall of the stomach was carefully closed with silk
                 sutures; after which a search was made for a hole in the back wall of the
                 stomach. This was found and also closed in the same way. The further course
                 of the bullet could not be discovered, although careful search was made. The
                 abdominal wound was closed without drainage. No injury to the intestines or
                 other abdominal organs was discovered.

                 "The patient stood the operation well, pulse of good quality, rate of 130, and
                 his condition at the conclusion of operation was gratifying. The result cannot
                 be foretold. His condition at present justifies hope of recovery."

                 Leon Czolgosz, the assassin, has signed a confession, covering six pages of
                 foolscap in which he states that he is an Anarchist and that he became an
                 enthusiastic member of that body through the influence of Emma Goldman,
                 whose writings he had read and whose lectures he had listened to. He denies
                 having any confederate, and says he decided on the act three days ago and
                 bought the revolver with which the act was committed in Buffalo.

                 He has seven brothers and sisters in Cleveland, and the Cleveland Directory
                 has the names of about that number living in Hosmer Street and Ackland
                 Avenue, which adjoin. Some of them are butchers and others are in other
                 trades.

                 Czolgosz is now detained at Police Headquarters, pending the result of the
                 President's injuries. He does not appear in the least degree uneasy or penitent
                 for his action. He says he was induced by his attention to Emma Goldman's
                 lectures and writings to decide that the present form of government in this
                 country was all wrong, and he thought the best way to end it was by the killing
                 of the President. He shows no signs of insanity, but is very reticent about
                 much of his career.

                 While acknowledging himself an Anarchist, he does not state to what branch
                 of the organization he belongs.
 

                 How The Deed Was Done

                 Assassin Came with the Crowd to Greet the President and Shot When
                 Two Feet from Him

                 Buffalo, Sept. 6.--Czolgosz's attempt on the life of the President was made at
                 about 4 o'clock in the Temple of Music, where Mr. McKinley had gone to
                 hold a reception at that hour. He had spent the day at Niagara with about 100
                 invited guests, and arrived at the exposition ground at 8:30. Mrs. McKinley
                 proceeded to the Mission Building and the President went directly to the
                 Temple of Music.

                 A vast crowd had assembled long before the arrival of Mr. McKinley. The
                 daily organ recital was nearing its end as the President entered and went to
                 the slightly raised dais at one end of the hall.

                 The President, though well guarded by United States Secret Service
                 detectives, was fully exposed to such an attack as occurred. He stood at the
                 edge of the raised dais, and throngs of people crowded in at the various
                 entrances to see their Chief Executive, perchance to clasp his hand, and then
                 fight their way out in the good-natured mob that every minute swelled and
                 multiplied at the points of ingress and egress to the building.

                 The President was in a cheerful mood and was enjoying the hearty evidences
                 of good-will which everywhere met his gaze. Upon his right stood John G.
                 Milburn of Buffalo, President of the Pan-American Exposition, chatting with
                 the President, and introducing to him persons of note who approached. Upon
                 the President's left stood Mr. Cortelyou.

                 The Assassin Appears

                 It was shortly after 4 o'clock when one of the throng which surrounded the
                 Presidential party, a medium-sized man of ordinary appearance and plainly
                 dressed in black, approached as if to greet the President. Both Secretary
                 Cortelyou and President Milburn noticed that the man's hand was swathed in
                 a bandage or handkerchief. Reports of bystanders differ as to which hand. He
                 worked his way with the stream of people up to the edge of the dais, until he
                 was within two feet of the President.

                 President McKinley smiled, bowed, and extended his hand in that spirit of
                 geniality the American people so well know, when suddenly the man raised
                 his hand and two sharp reports of a revolver rang out loud and clear above
                 the hum of voices and the shuffling of myriad feet. The assassin had fired
                 through the handkerchief which concealed the revolver.

                 There was an instant of almost complete silence, like the hush that follows a
                 clap of thunder. The President stood stock still, a look of hesitancy, almost of
                 bewilderment, on his face. Then he retreated a step while a pallor began to
                 steal over his features. The multitude seemed only partially aware that
                 something serious had happened.

                 Then came a commotion. With the leap of a tiger three men threw themselves
                 forward as with one impulse and sprang toward the would-be assassin. Two
                 of them were United States Secret Service men, who were on the lookout
                 and whose duty it was to guard against just such a calamity as had here
                 befallen the President and the Nation. The third was a bystander, a negro,
                 who had only an instant before grasped the hand of the President. In a
                 twinkling, the assassin was borne to the ground, his weapon was wrested
                 from his grasp, and strong arms pinioned him down.

                 Then the vast multitude which thronged the edifice began to come to a
                 realizing sense of the awfulness of the scene of which they had been
                 witnesses. A murmur arose, spread, and swelled to a hum of confusion, then
                 grew to a babel of sounds, and later to a pandemonium of noises.

                 The crowds that a moment before had stood mute and motionless in
                 bewildered ignorance of the enormity of the deed, now with a single impulse
                 surged forward, while a hoarse cry welled up from a thousand throats, and a
                 thousand men charged forward to lay hands upon the perpetrator of the
                 dastardly crime.

                 Confusion Reigns

                 For a moment the confusion was terrible. The crowd surged forward
                 regardless of consequences. Men shouted and fought, women screamed and
                 children cried. Some of those nearest the doors fled from the edifice in fear of
                 a stampede, while hundreds of others from the outside struggled blindly
                 forward in the effort to enter the crowded building and solve the mystery of
                 excitement and panic which every moment grew and swelled within the
                 congested interior of the palatial edifice.

                 Inside on the slightly raised dais was enacted within those few feverish
                 moments a tragedy, so dramatic in character, so thrilling in its intensity, that
                 few who looked on will ever be able to give a succinct account of what really
                 did transpire. Even the actors who were playing the principal roles came out
                 of it with blanched faces, trembling limbs, and beating hearts, while their
                 brains throbbed with a tumult of conflicting emotions which left behind only a
                 chaotic jumble of impressions which could not be clarified into a lucid
                 narrative of the events as they really transpired.

                 But of the multitude which witnessed or bore a part in the scene there was but
                 one mind which seemed to retain its equilibrium, one hand which remained
                 steady, one eye which gazed with unflinching calmness, and one voice which
                 retained its even tenor and faltered not at the most critical juncture.

                 They were the mind and the hand and the eye and the voice of President
                 McKinley.

                 After the first shock of the assassin's shots, he retreated a step, then, as the
                 detectives leaped upon his assailant, he turned, walked steadily to a chair and
                 seated himself, at the same time removing his hat and bowing his head in his
                 hands.

                 In an instant Secretary Cortelyou and President Milburn were at his side. His
                 waistcoat was hurriedly opened, the President meanwhile admonishing those
                 about him to remain calm and telling them not to be alarmed.

                 "But you are wounded," cried his secretary; "let me examine."

                 "No, I think not," answered the President. "I am not badly hurt, I assure you."

                 Nevertheless his outer garments were hastily loosened, and when a trickling
                 stream of crimson was seen to wind its way down his breast spreading its
                 stain over the white surface of the linen their worst fears were confirmed.

                 A force of Exposition guards were on the scene by this time, and an effort
                 was made to clear the building. The crush was terrific. Spectators crowded
                 down the stairways from the galleries, the crowd on the floor surged forward
                 toward the rostrum, while despite the strenuous efforts of police and guards
                 the throng without struggled madly to obtain admission.

                 In The Hospital

                 The President's assailant in the meantime had been hustled to the rear of the
                 building by Exposition Guards McCauley and James, where he was held
                 while the building was cleared, and later turned over to Superintendent Bull of
                 the Buffalo Police Department, who took the prisoner to No. 13 Police
                 Station, and later to Police Headquarters.

                 As soon as the crowd in the Temple of Music had been dispersed sufficiently
                 the President was removed in the automobile ambulance and taken to the
                 Exposition Hospital, where an examination was made.

                 The best medical skill was summoned and within a brief period several of
                 Buffalo's best- known practitioners were at the patient's side. The President
                 retained the full exercise of his facilities until placed on the operating table and
                 subjected to an anesthetic.

                 Upon the first examination it was ascertained that one bullet had taken effect
                 in the right breast just below the nipple, causing a comparatively harmless
                 wound. The other took effect in the abdomen, about five inches below the left
                 nipple, two inches to the left of the navel, and about on a level with it.

                 Upon arriving at the Exposition Hospital the second bullet was probed for.
                 The walls of the abdomen were opened, but the ball was not located. The
                 incision was hastily closed and after a hasty consultation it was decided to
                 remove the patient to the home of President Milburn. This was done, the
                 automobile-ambulance being used for the purpose.

                 Arrived at the Milburn residence, all persons outside the medical attendants,
                 nurses, and the officials immediately concerned were excluded and the task of
                 probing for the bullet, which had lodged in the abdomen, was begun by Dr.
                 Boswell Park.

                 When it was decided to remove the President from the Exposition Hospital to
                 the Milburn residence, the news was broken to Mrs. McKinley as gently as
                 might be by the members of the Milburn family. She bore the shock
                 remarkably well, and displayed the utmost fortitude.

                 Crowd Ready to Lynch

                 While the wounded President was being borne from the Exposition to the
                 Milburn residence between rows of onlookers with bared heads, a far
                 different spectacle was being witnessed along the route of his assailant's
                 journey from the scene of his crime to Police Headquarters. The trip was
                 made so quickly that the prisoner was safely landed within the wide portals of
                 the police station and the doors closed before any one was aware of his
                 presence.

                 The news of the attempted assassination had in the meanwhile been spread
                 broadcast by the newspapers. Like wildfire it spread from mouth to mouth.
                 Then bulletins began to appear on the boards along "Newspaper Row," and
                 when the announcement was made that the prisoner had been taken to Police
                 Headquarters, only two blocks distant from the newspaper section, the
                 crowds surged down toward the terrace, eager for a glimpse of the prisoner.
                 At Police Headquarters they were met by a strong cordon of police, drawn
                 up across the pavement on Pearl Street, who denied admittance to any but
                 officials authorized to take part in the examination of the prisoner.

                 In a few minutes the crowd had grown from tens to hundreds, and these in
                 turn quickly swelled to thousands, until the street was completely blocked by
                 a surging mass of eager humanity. It was at this juncture that some one raised
                 the cry of "Lynch him!" Like a flash the cry was taken up, and the whole
                 crowd re-echoed the cry, "Lynch him!" "Hang him!" Closer the crowd surged
                 forward.

                 Denser the throng became as new arrivals each moment swelled the swaying
                 multitude. The situation was becoming critical when suddenly the big doors
                 were flung open and a squad of reserves advanced with solid front, drove the
                 crowd back from the curb, then across the street, and gradually succeeded in
                 dispersing them from about the entrance to the station.

                 By this time there were probably 30,000 people assembled in the vicinity of
                 Pearl, Seneca, Erie Streets, and the Terrace. The crowd was so great that it
                 became necessary to rope off the entire street in front of Police Headquarters,
                 and at a late hour to-night the police were still patrolling in the streets in the
                 neighborhood, in squads of three or four. Inside the station house were
                 assembled District Attorney Penny, Superintendent of Police Bull, Capt.
                 Reagan of the First Precinct, and other officials.

                 The prisoner at first proved quite communicative, so much so in fact, that little
                 dependence could be placed on what he said. He first gave his name as Fred
                 Nieman, said his home was in Detroit, and that he had been in Buffalo about a
                 week. He said he had been boarding at a place in Broadway. Later this place
                 was located as John Nowak's saloon, a Raineslaw hotel, 1,078 Broadway.
                 Here the prisoner occupied Room 8.

                 The Prisoner's Story

                 Nowak, the proprietor, said he knew very little about his guest. He came
                 there, he declared, last Saturday, saying he had come to see the
                 Pan-American and that his home was in Toledo. He had been alone at all
                 times about Nowak's place, and had had no visitors. In his room was found a
                 small traveling bag of cheap make. It contained an empty cartridge box and a
                 few articles of clothing.

                 With these facts in hand the police went at the prisoner with renewed vigor in
                 the effort to obtain either a full confession or a straight account of his identify
                 and movements prior to his arrival in Buffalo. He at first admitted that he was
                 an Anarchist in sympathy at least, but denied strenuously that the attempt on
                 the life of the President was a result of a preconcerted plot on the part of any
                 Anarchist society.

                 At times he was defiant and again indifferent. But at no time did he betray the
                 remotest sign of remorse. He declared the deed was not premeditated, but in
                 the same breath refused to say why he perpetrated it. When charged by
                 District Attorney Penny with being the instrument of an organized band of
                 conspirators, he protested vehemently that he never even thought of
                 perpetrating the crime until this morning.

                 After long and persistent questioning it was announced at Police Headquarters
                 that the prisoner had made a confession, which he signed.